Max Of Three <<
Previous Tic Tac Toe Game
Sample solution
This exercise is unique because it relies on the output of the other exercises that need to be put together to make the final solution. The goal is to get practice with functions and how they work together in larger programs.
該練習是獨特的，因為它依賴於需要匯總以得出最終解決方案的其他練習的輸出。目的是練習功能以及它們如何在較大的程序中協同工作。
The 3 exercises above suggest breaking your Tic Tac Toe game into (at least) 4 functions:
- A function for drawing the game board (and the location of pieces)
- A function for checking whether there is a winner in the game
- A function for adding user input into the game state
- A main function that calls the others and plays the game
The way to solve this problem is to look back at all 3 solutions to the previous exercises, copy them into one file, and modify what you had before. This is a different way of coding than coding an entire program from scratch, and can often save a lot of time.
解決此問題的方法是回顧一下先前練習的所有3個解決方案，將它們複製到一個文件中，
然後修改之前的內容。與從頭開始編寫整個程序相比，這是一種不同的編碼方式，通常
可以節省大量時間。
For my solution, I decided to copy all the functions from the older exercises into one file, and work from the main game logic from Part 3. Part 3 almost made you write the entire game - the main loop asking users for positions and input is already there, so starting from that point and modifying will let you finish this exercise in 30 minutes!
Here is what my code looks like after copying in my solutions to Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 of this exercise:
def draw_line(width, edge, filling):
print(filling.join([edge] * (width + 1)))
def draw_board(width, height):
draw_line(width, " ", "__")
for i in range(height):
draw_line(width, "|", "__")
print("\n")
def display_winner(player):
if player == 0:
print("Tie")
else:
print("Player " + str(player) + " wins!")
def check_row_winner(row):
"""
Return the player number that wins for that row.
If there is no winner, return 0.
"""
if row[0] == row[1] and row[1] == row[2]:
return row[0]
return 0
def get_col(game, col_number):
return [game[x][col_number] for x in range(3)]
def get_row(game, row_number):
return game[row_number]
def check_winner(game):
game_slices = []
for index in range(3):
game_slices.append(get_row(game, index))
game_slices.append(get_col(game, index))
# check diagonals
down_diagonal = [game[x][x] for x in range(3)]
up_diagonal = [game[0][2], game[1][1], game[2][0]]
game_slices.append(down_diagonal)
game_slices.append(up_diagonal)
for game_slice in game_slices:
winner = check_row_winner(game_slice)
if winner != 0:
display_winner(winner)
return winner
display_winner(winner)
return winner
def start_game():
return [[0, 0, 0] for x in range(3)]
def display_game(game):
d = {2: "O", 1: "X", 0: " "}
game_string = []
for row_num in range(3):
new_row = []
for col_num in range(3):
new_row.append(d[game[row_num][col_num]])
game_string.append(new_row)
print(game_string)
def add_piece(game, player, row, column):
"""
game: game state
player: player number
row: 0-index row
column: 0-index column
"""
game[row][column] = player
return game
def convert_input_to_coordinate(user_input):
return user_input - 1
def switch_player(player):
if player == 1:
return 2
else:
return 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = start_game()
display_game(game)
player = 1
# go on forever
while True:
print("Currently player: " + str(player))
row = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which row? (start with 1) ")))
column = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which column? (start with 1) ")))
game = add_piece(game, player, row, column)
display_game(game)
player = switch_player(player)
After some modifications:
- to the game board drawing functions
- adding a function to check the availability of a square
- adding a function to check whether there are any moves available
- updating the main game loop end condition
The final product is here:
def draw_line(width, edge, filling):
print(filling.join([edge] * (width + 1)))
def display_winner(player):
if player == 0:
print("Tie")
else:
print("Player " + str(player) + " wins!")
def check_row_winner(row):
"""
Return the player number that wins for that row.
If there is no winner, return 0.
"""
if row[0] == row[1] and row[1] == row[2]:
return row[0]
return 0
def get_col(game, col_number):
return [game[x][col_number] for x in range(3)]
def get_row(game, row_number):
return game[row_number]
def check_winner(game):
game_slices = []
for index in range(3):
game_slices.append(get_row(game, index))
game_slices.append(get_col(game, index))
# check diagonals
down_diagonal = [game[x][x] for x in range(3)]
up_diagonal = [game[0][2], game[1][1], game[2][0]]
game_slices.append(down_diagonal)
game_slices.append(up_diagonal)
for game_slice in game_slices:
winner = check_row_winner(game_slice)
if winner != 0:
return winner
return winner
def start_game():
return [[0, 0, 0] for x in range(3)]
def display_game(game):
d = {2: "O", 1: "X", 0: "_"}
draw_line(3, " ", "_")
for row_num in range(3):
new_row = []
for col_num in range(3):
new_row.append(d[game[row_num][col_num]])
print("|" + "|".join(new_row) + "|")
def add_piece(game, player, row, column):
"""
game: game state
player: player number
row: 0-index row
column: 0-index column
"""
game[row][column] = player
return game
def check_space_empty(game, row, column):
return game[row][column] == 0
def convert_input_to_coordinate(user_input):
return user_input - 1
def switch_player(player):
if player == 1:
return 2
else:
return 1
def moves_exist(game):
for row_num in range(3):
for col_num in range(3):
if game[row_num][col_num] == 0:
return True
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = start_game()
display_game(game)
player = 1
winner = 0 # the winner is not yet defined
# go on forever
while winner == 0 and moves_exist(game):
print("Currently player: " + str(player))
available = False
while not available:
row = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which row? (start with 1) ")))
column = convert_input_to_coordinate(int(input("Which column? (start with 1) ")))
available = check_space_empty(game, row, column)
game = add_piece(game, player, row, column)
display_game(game)
player = switch_player(player)
winner = check_winner(game)
display_winner(winner)
Max Of Three <<
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